1960 Albert-Alberta Karas (two siblings, each half man, half woman) exhibits with Bobby Reynolds on sideshow tour. 1952 The "Human Torso" is still on exhibit. 1950 Historical sideshow died as public demands freaks be given "dignity" and not exhibited, at this time many went into institutions or on the welfare system. 1940 The three-legged man, Frank Lentini, opens a freakshow. 1933 Chicago Expo features a pit show with a "live two-headed baby" in a jar of formaldehyde. The use of real freaks in the film provoked public outcries and was widely unsuccessful until its re-release at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival. 1932 Tod Browning's Pre-Code- era film Freaks tells the story of a traveling freakshow. 1925 Freaks can be seen performing on the vaudeville stage. General public can read articles in popular press explaining the diseases behind oddities. 1922 "Professor" Sam Wagner starts the World's Circus freak show at Coney Island. 1915 San Francisco exposition includes a midget village and dime museum freakshow. 1908 An article in Scientific American introduces concept of freak exhibitions being inhumane and barbaric. 1904 Silbey devises the " Ten-In-One" show and creates jobs for talkers. Early 20th century The resurgence of Mendel’s law of genetics coupled with Darwin's Origin of Species introduced the idea that freaks could "taint the gene pool". The theory of maternal impression attributes traumatic or significant events experienced by the pregnant woman as an explanation for deformities. Late 19th century The theory that freaks are biological throwbacks to earlier races of humans and apes is introduced. 1893 At the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago a woman with a parasitic twin was shown in a stage show as a result of her father's abuse of alcohol. 1890 The Jones twins, Siamese twins joined at buttocks and sharing a rectum die on carnival tour at fifteen months old. 1889 British medical journal describes Myrtle Corbin, the "four-legged girl", and verifies that both sets of reproductive organs as workable and capable of birthing children.
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1884 Freak recruiting becomes a career and full time occupation. 1881 The Conjoined Tocci Twins are exhibited in Vienna, billed as "The Greatest Wonder of Nature". 1876 Wild men of Borneo, wild Australian children, man-eating fiji mermaids, and the 602 lb (273 kg) woman are exhibited at the first World's Fair in Philadelphia. 1870–1890 Dime museums are at the height of their popularity, with the freakshow as the main attraction. Zip the Pinhead begins his six-decade career with Barnum. The guide book for Barnum American museum list 13 human curiosities. 1860 Hiram and Barney Davis are presented as Wild Men of Borneo. Barnum arrives in London to exhibit Tom Thumb, the famous midget. Milligan writes "curiosities of medical experiments" in which freaks are described. 1829 Chang and Eng, "the original Siamese twins", were exhibited in America. 1810–1815 Saartjie Baartman (aka "Hottentot Venus") exhibited in England and France. Instead, people believed the theory that freaks were part of God's great order of creatures. 1738 The exhibition of an exhibit who "was taken in a wook at Guinea 'tis a female about four feet high in every part like a woman excepting her head which nearly resembles the ape." Late 18th century The science of teratology changed the belief that freaks were evil omens and the work of Satan or witches. 1704–1718 Peter the Great collects human oddities at the Kunstkammer in what is now St. The exhibition of human oddities can be seen as far back as recorded history: 1630s Lazarus Colloredo, and his parasitic twin brother, John Baptista, who was attached at Lazarus' sternum, tour Europe. However, in many states in the USA and in other countries abroad one can still see freak shows at carnivals and state fairs, in bars and nightclubs, and on daytime television talk shows. Today, Michigan law forbids the "exhibition any deformed human being or human monstrosity, except as used for scientific purposes". As previously mysterious anomalies were scientifically explained as genetic mutations or diseases, freaks became the objects of sympathy rather than fear or disdain. Some shows also exhibited deformed animals (such as two-headed cows, one-eyed pigs, and four-horned goats) and famous hoaxes, or simply "science gone wrong" exhibits (such as deformed babies).Ĭhanges in popular culture and entertainment led to the decline of the freak show as a form entertainment. A freak show in Rutland, Vermont in 1941.įreak shows were popular in the United States from around 1840 to the 1970s, and were often, but not always, associated with circuses and carnivals.
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